PRONUNCIATION AND ETYMOLOGY OF SELECTED COOL TEMPERATEPLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODE GENUS NAMES
Nematode Testing Service
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology
Oregon State University
Corvallis, 97331-2902
Orlowskys Rule of LatinPronunciation: He who says it loudest is right.
Pronunciation: PRIMARY ACCENT;(SECONDARY ACCENT).
Anguina: an-GWINE-uh. Latin anguis, eel. Seed gall nematodes.
Aphelenchoides: (AFF)-uh-leng-KOI-deeze. Greek aphel, sleek, enchos, aspear, and oid, denoting likeness of form. A genus of folair nematodes.
Bursaphelenchus: (BURS)-aff-eh-LENK-us. Greek bursa, hide or skin; pouch,aphel, sleek, and enchos, a spear. The pinewood nematode and other species;sometimes included in the genus Aphelenchoides.
Criconemella: (CRIC)-eh-neh-MELL-uh. Greek krikos, a ring or circle, andnema, thread; Latin ell, diminutive. Ring nematodes; invalid synonym for manyspecies now included in Mesocriconema.
Ditylenchus: (DIH)-teh-LENK-us. Greek di, two, tylos, a knob on a club,and enchos, a spear. Genus including stem and bulb nematodes (which can alsoinhabit foliage), potato rot nematode, and numerous non-pathogenic root hairfeeders and fungal feeders.
Dorylaimida: (DOOR)-uh-LAM-ih-duh. Greek dorys, a spear, and laimos,throat. Order containing Longidorus, Trichodorus, Paratrichodorus, Xiphinema,and other plant parasites, fungal feeders, predators, and omnivores with atwo-part stylet and two-part esophagus.
Globodera: (GLOE)-boe-DARE-uh. Latin globus, globe or ball, and Greekderos (poetic form of derma), hide or skin . Potato cyst nematodes (notdetected in the western U.S.).
Gracilicus: grah-SILL-i-kuss. Latin gracil, slender, thin, simple. Agenus of pin nematodes usually parasitizing woody plants.
Helicotylenchus: (HEE)-lih-koe-tie-LENK-us. Greek helikos, anything twistedor wound, tylos, a knob on a club, and enchos, a spear. A genus of spiralnematodes with a wide host range including turf.
Hemicycliophora: (HEM)-ee-(SICK)-lee-OFF-for-uh. Greek hemi, half, kyklos, acircle, and phoros, to bear. Sheath nematodes.
Heterodera: (HET)-er-oh-DARE-uh, or (HET)-er-AH-der-uh. Greek hetero,other, different, and deros, hide or skin (poetic form of derma). Cystnematodes.
Longidorus: (LON)-jih-DOOR-us. Latin long, long, and Greek dorys, aspear. Mint nematode, needle nematodes.
Macroposthonia: (MACK)-roe-pos-THON-ee-uh. Greek macros, large, and posth,phallus. Alternate and currently invalid synonym for Criconemella/Mesocriconemaoften found in literature.
Meloidogyne: (MEL)-OY-doe-gine, or (MEL)-OY-doe-gine-ee. Greek melon,apple or other tree fruit, oid, denoting likeness of form, and gyne, woman,feminine. Root-knot nematodes.
Mesocriconema: (MES)-o-(CRIC)-o-NEEM-a. Greek meso, middle or half, krikos,ring, and nem, thread. The current correct name (THIS week) for Macrophostoniaand Criconemella. Stay tuned - we'll try to keep you posted.
Nematode: NEM-uh-toad or NEEM-uh-toad. Greek nema, thread, and toid,form. Member of Phylum Nematoda.
Paratrichodorus: (PAIR)-uh-(TRICK)-eh-DOOR-us. Greek para, beside, andtrichos, a single hair, and dorys, a spear. The genus of stubby-root nematodeseconomically important in the Pacific Northwest.
Paratylenchus: (PAIR)-uh-tie-LENK-us. Greek para, beside, tylos, a knob ona club, and enchos, a spear. The most commonly encountered genus of pinnematodes in the Pacific Northwest.
Pratylenchus: (PRAT)-uh-LENK-us. Greek pratum, a meadow, tylos, a knob ona club, and enchos, a spear. Root-lesion nematodes.
Rotylenchus: (ROTE)-uh-LENK-us. Greek rota, a wheel, tylos, a knob on aclub, and enchos, a spear. A genus of spiral nematodes.
Trichodorus: (TRICK)-uh-DOOR-us. Greek trichos, a single hair, and dorys,a spear. Another genus of stubby-root nematodes; often used to informally referto Paratrichodorus.
Tylenchida: Tie-LENK-ih-duh. Greek tylos, a knob on a club, and enchos,a spear. Order containing plant parasitic and some fungal- and insect-parasiticnematodes characterized by three part esophagus and three part stylet,including Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne, Heterodera, Paratylenchus, andMesocriconema.
Tylenchorhynchus: Tie-LENK-oh-RINK-us. Greek tylos, a knob on a club, enchos,a spear, and rhynchos, a beak or snout. Stunt nematodes.
Xiphinema: (ZIFF)-uh-NEEM-uh or (ZIFF)-uh-NEM-uh. Greek xiphos, sword,and nema, thread. Dagger nematodes.
Nematode Testing Service
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology
Oregon State University
Corvallis, 97331-2902
Orlowskys Rule of LatinPronunciation: He who says it loudest is right.
Pronunciation: PRIMARY ACCENT;(SECONDARY ACCENT).
Anguina: an-GWINE-uh. Latin anguis, eel. Seed gall nematodes.
Aphelenchoides: (AFF)-uh-leng-KOI-deeze. Greek aphel, sleek, enchos, aspear, and oid, denoting likeness of form. A genus of folair nematodes.
Bursaphelenchus: (BURS)-aff-eh-LENK-us. Greek bursa, hide or skin; pouch,aphel, sleek, and enchos, a spear. The pinewood nematode and other species;sometimes included in the genus Aphelenchoides.
Criconemella: (CRIC)-eh-neh-MELL-uh. Greek krikos, a ring or circle, andnema, thread; Latin ell, diminutive. Ring nematodes; invalid synonym for manyspecies now included in Mesocriconema.
Ditylenchus: (DIH)-teh-LENK-us. Greek di, two, tylos, a knob on a club,and enchos, a spear. Genus including stem and bulb nematodes (which can alsoinhabit foliage), potato rot nematode, and numerous non-pathogenic root hairfeeders and fungal feeders.
Dorylaimida: (DOOR)-uh-LAM-ih-duh. Greek dorys, a spear, and laimos,throat. Order containing Longidorus, Trichodorus, Paratrichodorus, Xiphinema,and other plant parasites, fungal feeders, predators, and omnivores with atwo-part stylet and two-part esophagus.
Globodera: (GLOE)-boe-DARE-uh. Latin globus, globe or ball, and Greekderos (poetic form of derma), hide or skin . Potato cyst nematodes (notdetected in the western U.S.).
Gracilicus: grah-SILL-i-kuss. Latin gracil, slender, thin, simple. Agenus of pin nematodes usually parasitizing woody plants.
Helicotylenchus: (HEE)-lih-koe-tie-LENK-us. Greek helikos, anything twistedor wound, tylos, a knob on a club, and enchos, a spear. A genus of spiralnematodes with a wide host range including turf.
Hemicycliophora: (HEM)-ee-(SICK)-lee-OFF-for-uh. Greek hemi, half, kyklos, acircle, and phoros, to bear. Sheath nematodes.
Heterodera: (HET)-er-oh-DARE-uh, or (HET)-er-AH-der-uh. Greek hetero,other, different, and deros, hide or skin (poetic form of derma). Cystnematodes.
Longidorus: (LON)-jih-DOOR-us. Latin long, long, and Greek dorys, aspear. Mint nematode, needle nematodes.
Macroposthonia: (MACK)-roe-pos-THON-ee-uh. Greek macros, large, and posth,phallus. Alternate and currently invalid synonym for Criconemella/Mesocriconemaoften found in literature.
Meloidogyne: (MEL)-OY-doe-gine, or (MEL)-OY-doe-gine-ee. Greek melon,apple or other tree fruit, oid, denoting likeness of form, and gyne, woman,feminine. Root-knot nematodes.
Mesocriconema: (MES)-o-(CRIC)-o-NEEM-a. Greek meso, middle or half, krikos,ring, and nem, thread. The current correct name (THIS week) for Macrophostoniaand Criconemella. Stay tuned - we'll try to keep you posted.
Nematode: NEM-uh-toad or NEEM-uh-toad. Greek nema, thread, and toid,form. Member of Phylum Nematoda.
Paratrichodorus: (PAIR)-uh-(TRICK)-eh-DOOR-us. Greek para, beside, andtrichos, a single hair, and dorys, a spear. The genus of stubby-root nematodeseconomically important in the Pacific Northwest.
Paratylenchus: (PAIR)-uh-tie-LENK-us. Greek para, beside, tylos, a knob ona club, and enchos, a spear. The most commonly encountered genus of pinnematodes in the Pacific Northwest.
Pratylenchus: (PRAT)-uh-LENK-us. Greek pratum, a meadow, tylos, a knob ona club, and enchos, a spear. Root-lesion nematodes.
Rotylenchus: (ROTE)-uh-LENK-us. Greek rota, a wheel, tylos, a knob on aclub, and enchos, a spear. A genus of spiral nematodes.
Trichodorus: (TRICK)-uh-DOOR-us. Greek trichos, a single hair, and dorys,a spear. Another genus of stubby-root nematodes; often used to informally referto Paratrichodorus.
Tylenchida: Tie-LENK-ih-duh. Greek tylos, a knob on a club, and enchos,a spear. Order containing plant parasitic and some fungal- and insect-parasiticnematodes characterized by three part esophagus and three part stylet,including Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne, Heterodera, Paratylenchus, andMesocriconema.
Tylenchorhynchus: Tie-LENK-oh-RINK-us. Greek tylos, a knob on a club, enchos,a spear, and rhynchos, a beak or snout. Stunt nematodes.
Xiphinema: (ZIFF)-uh-NEEM-uh or (ZIFF)-uh-NEM-uh. Greek xiphos, sword,and nema, thread. Dagger nematodes.