aperture : ( دانه گرده ) ، یک ناحیه ی فشرده با شکل خاص در دیواره گرده ، که لوله گرده از طریق این منطقه خارج میشود .
(A–C) Pollen tetrad in quartet strain. Pollen grains are three aperturate – each of the three apertures of a pollen grain is associated with an aperture of another pollen grain. Apertures of a pollen grain are in contact with apertures of the three other pollen grains. Tetrads are tetrahedral. (C-b) Scheme of the tetrad shown in (C-a); big circles represent the microspores, triangles represent apertures. (D–F) Pollen tetrad in quartet-tam strain. Three aperturate pollen grains are associated two by two within the tetrad. All the three apertures of a pollen grain are associated with the three apertures of only one another pollen grain. (D) Tetragonal tetrad. (E) Tetragonal tetrad showing a pollen grain with an abnormal aperture (the upper right). (F-a, -b, -c) Different focal planes on a decussate tetrad; arrows show apertures. (F-d) Scheme of the tetrad shown in (F-a, -b, -c), big circles represent the microspores; black bars represent apertures that are seen by looking from the view of the tetrad in (F-a); grey ones those which are hidden. (A), (D) and (E) are scanning electron micrographs; (B), (C) and (F) are stained with aniline blue. Scale bars = 10 µm.
SEM micrographs of pollen grains of Menthinae. a–f Variation of pollen shape in the equatorial view. g–l Polar view with variations of shape and aperture number. a Oblate pollen grain with elliptic outline of Micromeria marginata. Suboblate pollen grain, bMonarda fistulosa, cZiziphora clinopodioides. d Oblatespheroidal pollen grain with circular outline, Glechon marifolia. Monardella odoratissima, e oblate spheroidal pollen, h circular outline. f Subprolate pollen grain of Cyclotrichium origanifolium. g Pentacolpate pollen grain of Pycnanthemum incanum. Hexacolpate pollen grain with circular shape, hMonardella odoratissima, iSaccocalyx satureioides, jBlephilia ciliata. Hexacolpate pollen grain with elliptic shape, kConradina canescens, lHyssopus officinalis